Anal sphincter botulinum toxin injection in children with functional anorectal and colonic disorders: A large institutional study and review of the literature focusing on complications

Large retrospective study of 881 pediatric patients receiving 1,332 botulinum toxin injections into anal sphincters for defecation disorders found a low complication rate (0.7%) with all adverse events self-limited. Results support botox as a safe treatment option for Hirschsprung disease, severe functional constipation, and internal anal sphincter achalasia in children.