StayCurrentMD · Hirschsprung Disease: Update Course 2013
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Video38 min·Published Sep 2013Older

Hirschsprung Disease: Update Course 2013

With Dr. Dr. Langer & Dr. Dr. Thayer · hosted by Dr. Todd Ponsky · StayCurrentMD
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What the experts said26 expert statements · 4 host summaries
In newborn bowel obstruction with distended abdomen and distal air, start with contrast enema rather than upper GI
OpinionTodd Ponsky
Bilious emesis typically prompts upper GI, but newborn distal obstruction is an exception where contrast enema is more informative
ClinicalTodd Ponsky
Tissue diagnosis is absolutely required before operating for Hirschsprung disease
GuidelineTodd Ponsky
False positive contrast enemas showing transition zones in newborns without Hirschsprung disease have been documented in published literature
ClinicalDr. Langer
In rare cases of severe enterocolitis, a patient may require emergency diversion before tissue diagnosis is available, particularly if presenting on Friday with pathology results not available until Wednesday
Clinical
Female patients with Hirschsprung disease may have higher rates of long-segment disease than males
ClinicalJason
The incidence of long-segment Hirschsprung disease in girls is fifty-fifty
Epidemiological
Myectomy is an extremely difficult technical operation with poor success rates in the speaker's experience
Opinion
For older children (age 5-6 and up), manometry showing normal recto-anal inhibitory reflex rules out Hirschsprung disease without need for biopsy
ClinicalDr. Langer
Absence of recto-anal inhibitory reflex on manometry requires biopsy because there can be false absence of the reflex
ClinicalDr. Langer
There are two definitions of ultra-short segment Hirschsprung disease: (1) absence of recto-anal inhibitory reflex with normal ganglion cells (internal sphincter achalasia, not true Hirschsprung), and (2) very short segment of aganglionosis
ClinicalDr. Langer
The anal canal in an adult is 3 to 4 centimeters long, compared to 1 centimeter in an infant, which affects biopsy interpretation
Clinical
Hypertrophic nerves should not be present in normal anal canal, even though there is normal dropout of ganglion cells
Clinical
Most cecal perforations from Hirschsprung disease are not total colonic disease but shorter segment disease where the cecum becomes distended and perforates
ClinicalDr. Langer
In long-segment Hirschsprung disease, wait 6 to 12 months before pull-through to allow stoma output to thicken and prevent severe perianal excoriation
ClinicalDr. Langer
When transition zone is in ascending colon (just cecum remaining), results of pulling cecum down are poor due to stasis and enterocolitis; better to do ileal Duhamel
OpinionDr. Langer
If transition zone is at hepatic flexure rather than ascending colon, preserve the colon and bring it down
OpinionDr. Langer
In older children (age 2-3 and up), suction rectal biopsy should not be performed; instead do open rectal biopsy under general anesthesia
OpinionTodd Ponsky
In 3-year-old with severely dilated colon from chronic Hirschsprung disease, the dilated segment is unlikely to collapse and should be resected
OpinionTodd Ponsky
Attempting to resect severely dilated colon transanally causes enormous stretch on the sphincter and impairs postoperative continence
ClinicalJason
Dilated colon in 3-year-old with Hirschsprung disease can shrink down with diverting stoma and irrigations over 6-8 months
ClinicalDr. Langer
The older the child, the less likely severely dilated colon will shrink down with diversion
ClinicalDr. Langer
A patient at a well-known Ohio institution had multiple normal colonoscopic biopsies but subsequent rectal biopsy showed aganglionosis and hypertrophic nerves
ClinicalJason
The incidence of enterocolitis is significantly higher (approximately double) in children with trisomy 21 compared to genetically normal children with Hirschsprung disease
Epidemiological
Chronic oral metronidazole is used liberally for recurrent enterocolitis and some children need it for three months or longer
ClinicalDr. Langer
Botox injection decreased the number of hospitalizations for enterocolitis in published study, though it does not always work
ClinicalDr. Langer
Dr. Langer has published articles in a Seminars in Pediatric Surgery issue on Hirschsprung disease less than a year ago
Host summary
A significant portion of fellows at a Washington DC course said they would get upper GI first in newborn with bilious emesis before contrast enema
Host summaryTodd Ponsky · not cited in answers
8% of cases in Mana Proctor's paper showed short-appearing transition zones on imaging that were actually long-segment disease pathologically
Host summaryDr. Langer · not cited in answers
Dr. Pena and Dr. Levitt do not believe in ultra-short segment Hirschsprung disease and do not perform myectomies
Host summaryJason · not cited in answers