Surgery-first approach for pediatric biliary stones and common bile duct management
Stone disease is increasing along with obesity in pediatric patients around the world, not just in the United States.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position0:52 ↗
There are two main approaches for patients with common bile duct stones who need cholecystectomy: ERCP first followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiogram to identify and potentially remove stones during the same surgery.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position1:25 ↗
The choice between surgery-first and ERCP-first depends on the setting and the surgeon's own technical capabilities.
opinion1:50 ↗
A surgery-first pathway reduces resource utilization, including MRCP.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position2:11 ↗
A predictive score for cholelithiasis published in the Journal of American College of Surgeons can help guide pathway decisions.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position2:25 ↗
ERCP causes pancreatitis 10% of the time, regardless of operator skill.
clinical3:02 ↗
If a surgeon cannot perform a cholangiogram, then ERCP is necessary if someone can do it.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position3:16 ↗
Pediatric surgeons and general surgeons need to improve their skills in intraoperative stone removal through courses and training.
opinion3:34 ↗
If you understand central line placement and Seldinger technique principles, you can perform intraoperative stone removal.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position3:44 ↗
In a JPS paper, surgery-first approach achieved 86% stone clearance rate with negative intraoperative cholangiogram.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position3:50 ↗
With simple additional maneuvers like advancing the catheter into the common bile duct or reaming the sphincter, stone clearance success rate reaches the 90s.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position4:02 ↗
For the 15% of unsuccessful cases, the surgeon clips or places an endo loop, closes, and arranges ERCP within the next day or two.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position4:17 ↗
At Cincinnati Children's, when surgeons cannot clear the duct, they call the endoscopist to the OR and ERCP is performed quickly in most cases.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position4:38 ↗
According to Doctor Huntington, the biggest key to success is having all necessary equipment in one place, because OR staff will not know what to get on the fly.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position5:15 ↗
If the common bile duct has 3-4 impacted stones on IOC, surgery-first is typically not very successful.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position5:26 ↗
Doctor Vitale cautions that when flushing with an impacted stone, there is risk of inadvertently injecting contrast into the pancreatic duct, which can increase pancreatitis risk.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position6:03 ↗
When the pancreatic duct lights up during flushing, this is a signal to slow down because you can cause pancreatitis by flushing contrast into the pancreatic duct with a stone present.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position6:15 ↗
A study demonstrated 86% success rate for surgery-first, while the ERCP group had 10% complication rate including cholangitis, bleeding, pancreatitis, and hemophilia.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position6:33 ↗
Update Course Rewind: Pediatric Biliary Stones - Preventing Gallstone Pancreatitis 2024
The 12th annual update course in pediatric surgery introduced a new classification system with three categories: Green Circle for established practice, Blue Square for promising newer practice, and Black Diamond for early adopter practice only.
Host summaryEm Gootee summarizing the discussion — not the host's own clinical position0:08 ↗
A 16-year-old male with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), neutropenic and thrombocytopenic, presented with right upper quadrant pain, markedly elevated liver function tests, and ultrasound findings consistent with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis.
clinicalDavid Vitale0:53 ↗
Over 50% of the live and virtual audience poll opted to start antibiotics and address the elevated liver function tests in the neutropenic thrombocytopenic patient.
opinionDavid Vitale1:18 ↗
Dr. Neff's patient spontaneously passed the stone, LFTs came back down, counts recovered, and the patient proceeded to elective cholecystectomy.
clinicalDavid Vitale1:27 ↗
Gallstone pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas triggered by a gallstone obstructing the bile duct, which can also impede pancreatic drainage, preventing pancreatic enzymes from reaching the small intestine and leading them to accumulate and damage the pancreas.
clinicalLuke Neff1:39 ↗
Some surgeons will do cholecystectomy within a few days for gallstone pancreatitis, while others will wait for a week.
opinionLuke Neff2:07 ↗
From an ERCP standpoint, unless there's a persistent biliary obstruction or cholangitis, ERCP is not performed right away for gallstone pancreatitis.
clinicalLuke Neff2:15 ↗
When symptoms are improving in gallstone pancreatitis, cholecystectomy with intraoperative cholangiogram can proceed without waiting for biochemical normalization, coordinating with ERCP availability if needed.
clinicalDavid Vitale2:24 ↗
Studies have shown that if amylase and lipase levels go up when a patient comes in with acute biliary pancreatitis and then start going down, the stone has likely passed and the patient can proceed to cholecystectomy.
clinicalLuke Neff2:38 ↗
If amylase and lipase continue to rise one day after presentation with acute biliary pancreatitis, ERCP should be performed because the stone is likely impacted.
clinicalLuke Neff2:38 ↗
Most biliary stones can be cleared, and some stones pass spontaneously, requiring good clinical judgment.
clinicalDavid Vitale2:59 ↗
Local resources and what is available must be factored into management decisions for biliary stones.
opinionDavid Vitale3:07 ↗