Potential benefits of routine cystoscopy and vaginoscopy prior to reconstructive surgery in patients with an anorectal malformation

This retrospective study demonstrates that routine cystoscopy and vaginoscopy identified additional urological/gynecological anomalies in 56% of ARM patients that were missed by physical examination and imaging. The procedures were performed safely without complications, supporting their integration into standard preoperative evaluation protocols for children with anorectal malformations.