Bovine milk-derived exosomes attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling in the lung during neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis

Experimental study demonstrates that necrotizing enterocolitis triggers significant lung inflammation and injury in neonatal mice through NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway activation. Bovine milk-derived exosomes successfully attenuated both intestinal and pulmonary damage, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach for protecting multiple organ systems in premature infants with NEC.