Fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion for moderate and severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Systematic review of randomized trials shows fetoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) significantly improves survival in fetuses with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia, with modest benefit in moderate cases. However, the procedure increases risk of premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery, requiring careful patient selection and timing.