The role of motion tracking in assessing technical skill acquisition using a neonatal 3D-printed thoracoscopic esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula simulator

This study validates motion-tracking technology as an objective method to assess surgical skill acquisition using a high-fidelity 3D-printed simulator for neonatal thoracoscopic EA/TEF repair. Instrument path length metrics successfully differentiated surgeons by expertise level during simulated intracorporeal suturing tasks.