Vocal cord dysfunction following esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) repair

Retrospective study of 197 EA/TEF patients found 11.2% developed vocal cord dysfunction from recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, with H-type TEF patients at highest risk (50%). Most patients achieved oral feeding despite persistent vocal cord immobility, though they required prolonged follow-up and feeding modifications.