PRIMARY ANASTOMOSIS IN DIFFICULT CASES OF TYPE “C” ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA: THE ATRAUMATIC MICROVASCULAR CLAMP TECHNIQUE OF MINIMAL TENSION WITH GOOD OUTCOME

This prospective study of 32 type C esophageal atresia patients describes a novel microvascular clamp technique for primary anastomosis in difficult cases with long gaps (mean 4.3 cm). The method achieved 81% primary repair rate with 85% survival and comparable complication rates to traditional approaches, offering a reproducible alternative that minimizes esophageal trauma.