Survival Benefit Associated With the Use of Extracorporeal Life Support for Neonates With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

This propensity-matched cohort study of 5,855 CDH neonates demonstrates that ECLS improves survival only in high-risk patients (first-day PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg) and primarily at high-volume centers with ECLS experience. For low- and intermediate-risk infants, ECLS use was associated with increased mortality, suggesting the need for refined patient selection criteria.