Staged Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty for Proximal Hypospadias in Children: A Short- to Mid-Term Follow-Up Retrospective Study

Retrospective study of 153 pediatric patients undergoing two-stage buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty for proximal hypospadias showed 76% achieved optimal functional outcomes with low complication rates across age groups. Previous surgical treatment was the primary risk factor for complications, while delaying surgery did not increase adverse outcomes.