Development and evaluation of a low-cost part-task trainer for laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia in boys and the acquisition of basic laparoscopy skills

This study validates a low-cost simulation model for teaching laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in boys, demonstrating high fidelity and educational value across 34 university programs. Both residents and expert surgeons rated the trainer favorably for realism, accessibility, and effectiveness in developing basic laparoscopy skills.