Urethral duplication in male children: A study of 12 cases

Retrospective case series of 12 male patients with urethral duplication treated over 12 years, demonstrating individualized surgical approaches based on Effmann classification. Management ranged from simple excision and stripping techniques for Type I cases to complex reconstruction with buccal mucosa grafts for Y-type duplications, with outcomes varying by anatomical type and associated anomalies.