Impact and characteristics of two- and three-dimensional forceps manipulation using laparoscopic hepaticojejunostomy mimicking a disease-specific simulator: a comparison of pediatric surgeons with gastrointestinal surgeons

Comparative study using a high-fidelity hepaticojejunostomy simulator found distinct forceps manipulation patterns between pediatric and gastrointestinal surgeons, with 3D visualization benefiting GI surgeons but not pediatric surgeons. Results suggest surgical training effects may override technological advantages in experienced subspecialty groups.