Congenital heart disease associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A systematic review on incidence, prenatal diagnosis, management, and outcome

Systematic review of 28,974 CDH cases reveals 15% have associated congenital heart disease, with 42% classified as critical. Infants with CHD underwent CDH repair less frequently (72% vs 85%) and faced significantly higher mortality, highlighting the prognostic importance of cardiac screening in CDH management.