Beyond cloacal malformation. Addressing unclassifiable complexity
Author / Expert
Zeni Haveliwala, Athanasios Tyraskis, Kathryn Ford, Tanvi Singh, Neetu Kumar, Hazel Learner, Sonia Basson, Stavros Loukogeorgakis, Simon Blackburn, Abraham Cherian, Joe Curry
Topic overview
Cloacal malformations are a spectrum of complex congenital anomalies traditionally classified by common channel length, urethral length, Müllerian configuration, and sacral or spinal abnormalities. Classification guides reconstructive strategy and informs prognosis. However, a subset of patients present with atypical anatomy that defies standard classification systems, complicating surgical planning and prediction of outcomes.
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