Functional Outcomes for Patients With Congenital Anorectal Malformations: A Systematic Review and Evidence-based Guideline From the APSA Outcomes and Evidence Based Practice Committee

Consensus on functional outcomes for anorectal malformations (ARM) is hindered by the heterogeneity of the available literature. Optimal patient counseling includes discussion of short- and long-term outcomes for bowel and urinary continence, sexual and psychosocial function, transitional care, and quality of life. This systematic review examines and summarizes the current literature available related to functional outcomes for children with ARM.