Factors Influencing Success in Endoscopic Treatment of Grade 4-5 Primary Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR) in Infancy and Childhood

There is equipoise among pediatric urologists regarding endoscopic versus surgical intervention for symptomatic Grade 4-5 Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR), particularly in infancy. Our aim was to assess outcomes of first-line endoscopic treatment in all cases of symptomatic Grade 4-5 VUR and we hypothesised that using endoscopic Dx/HA as first line management for primary VUR would obviate the need for ureteric reimplantation in the majority of cases.