Long-Term Orthopaedic and Radiological Outcomes of Symphysis Approximation without Osteotomy in Primary Bladder Exstrophy Repair

Introduction Previous assumptions suggested that the technique of approximation without osteotomy in primary exstrophy repair (PER) could only be applied in newborns and anticipated poorer outcomes. Recent studies indicated that this technique can be successfully executed not only in immediate PER but also yields favorable long-term results. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the orthopaedic and radiological long-term outcomes after pubic symphysis approximation without osteotomy in immediate and delayed PER. Methods From March 2018 to December 2020, individuals with PER and approximation of the symphysis without osteotomy were recruited. Patients