Determination of biomarkers of exposure to boscalid, captan, folpel, mancozeb and tebuconazole in urine and hair samples

In 1941, for reasons at present obscure, Dr. Robert Arden Miller, an Anaesthetist from San Antonio, Texas decided to measure gastric acidity in babies during the first month of life. He discovered a wave of hyperacidity within the first few days of life followed by a slow increase in acidity. In addition, he found that bigger birth weight babies secreted more acid. (Fig. 1) [1]. He proposed that an acid-producing chemical was transferred during labour from the mother to cause the early hyperacidity, and the later rise and the big baby effect were due to further development of the gastric mucosa.