Congenital esophageal stenosis related to tracheobronchial remnant: balloon dilatation versus resection and anastomosis - a systematic review

Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) related to tracheobronchial remnant (TBR) is an extremely rare malformation, typically diagnosed in infants and young children. Endoscopic dilatation or resection and anastomosis are both accepted therapeutic options, but the superiority of one versus the other remains controversial.