MODIFIED SANDWICH TECHNIQUE FOR ASYMMETRIC PECTUS CARINATUM AND EXCAVATUM–CARINATUM COMPLEX: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Asymmetric pectus carinatum (PC) and excavatum–carinatum complex (ECC) represent challenging chest wall deformities in which conventional bracing or single-direction minimally invasive techniques may fail to achieve satisfactory correction. The modified sandwich technique allows multidirectional remodeling of the anterior chest wall using combined internal and external bar placement; however, technical aspects such as bar number, length, placement sequence, and fixation remain insufficiently defined.