Applying the ETHICAL model for the thoughtful adoption of fluorescence-guided surgery in pediatrics

As pediatric surgeons, we have observed a natural tension between the cautious behaviors of pediatric clinicians and the need for technological progress in our field. We recognize that conservative action is necessary to safeguard a vulnerable population, yet an overly strict reliance on traditional evidence heuristics has historically slowed the adoption of beneficial innovations for children. A classic example of this resistance to innovation is Robert Gross’ patent ductus arteriosus ligation, which was initially considered radical and precarious.