COMPARISON OF LANDMARK-GUIDED SUBCLAVIAN VERSUS ULTRASOUND-GUIDED INNOMINATE VEIN CANNULATION IN CHILDREN: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES

Central venous access remains critical in pediatric care. While the landmark-guided subclavian vein (LT-SCV) approach has been historically common, ultrasound-guided innominate vein (US-IV) cannulation has emerged as a safer alternative.