Versatility of contrast enhanced colosonography for pre-operative evaluation of anorectal malformation with fistula

Anorectal malformations (ARM) with fistulae require anatomic definition of the fistula and distal extent of the rectum relative to the coccyx prior to posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP). We previously validated contrast enhanced colosonography (CECS) as a safe and accurate modality to characterize ARM. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of CECS in various clinical settings and its reliability in the newborn population.