A Comparative Study of the Clinical Characteristics of Esophageal-Pulmonary Fistula in Children

Esophageal-pulmonary fistula (EPF) is a rare complication after esophageal surgery, especially following esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) repair in neonates. Its clinical characteristics remain unclear, and the etiology is still under investigation. This study aims to describe the clinical features of EPF by comparing it with traditional recurrent TEF (rTEF) after EA repair.