Evaluating neonatal surgical outcomes using the Clavien-Dindo classification: A multicentre study of complications and risk ractors in a middle-income country

Neonatal surgery in low- and middle-income countries can be complicated by limited resources, delayed presentations, and variability in neonatal intensive care. This study applied the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification to evaluate postoperative complications in neonates across three tertiary centres in Malaysia, aiming to (1) establish baseline complication rates and (2) identify risk factors for severe morbidity and mortality in a middle-income context.