Megacalycosis – Challenges in management and long-term functional follow-up

Megacalycosis is a rare non-obstructive congenital anomaly of the kidneys. The underlying pathogenesis has not yet been understood. Theories include the coexistence of distinct calyceal developmental stages, malformation of the calyceal structure, and transient, self-limiting obstruction. The management of this condition consists of close sonographic and functional follow-up. It is of the utmost importance to differentiate between an obstructive cause of hydronephrosis, although this can be challenging.