During the 19th century, Spanish children represented one of the most vulnerable population groups in Europe. Pediatric surgery and children care both showed an improvement at an international level. This article aims to summarize the most relevant events in the history of pediatric surgery in Spain.José Ribera y Sans is considered as the father of the specialty in Spain, as well as a group of pioneer surgeons who, mainly in Madrid and Barcelona, created a pediatric surgical concept throughout Spain.
