128 statements
· 2 topics
· summaries given as host listed separately
Featured statements
▶Ep 2 · 40:08
Children uh might be uh one of the subjects with a lot of problems. When traveling to space because they're very young, they would be exposed to radiations and to physical, uh, forces that might be, uh, a problem for their health.
Anthony Chang is a cardiologist in California who received a consultation request from a Southeast Asian country where an echocardiographer could not diagnose a patient and could not transmit the echocardiography video due to technical issues.
Innovation and patient engagement with Dr Alberto Tozzi
▶Ep 2 · 6:04
opinionIn the 1980s, being able to program a computer and use statistical software packages was extremely unusual in medicine.↗
▶Ep 2 · 7:29
clinicalIt is very rare for an Italian hospital to have a Chief Innovation Officer position.↗
▶Ep 2 · 8:36
quoteEverybody's working for one single reason which is, uh, the, the wellness and the goodness of children.↗
▶Ep 2 · 9:00
quoteYou can't hear anybody uh complaining of anything simply because we're working with passion.↗
▶Ep 2 · 9:31
quoteThe boss, the boss is the Pope, which is very uncommon as well.↗
▶Ep 2 · 9:57
clinicalBambino Gesù Hospital is owned by the Vatican, with the Pope as the ultimate authority.↗
▶Ep 2 · 12:04
clinicalDuring H1N1 pandemic preparedness, an experiment at Bambino Gesù used active RFID tags to track every person in the hospital to understand contact patterns.↗
▶Ep 2 · 12:33
epidemiologicalNurses are one of the categories most likely to spread infection in hospitals because they spend significant time with children and care for many patients.↗
▶Ep 2 · 12:51
epidemiologicalFood distribution staff touch every single bed, making them important vectors for understanding infection spread patterns.↗
▶Ep 2 · 13:06
opinionMeasuring contact patterns and translating them into numbers is crucial for creating effective infection control policies.↗
▶Ep 2 · 13:53
clinicalContact tracing apps are powerful tools, but you cannot contact trace people you don't know - this is a basic limitation.↗
▶Ep 2 · 14:04
quoteYou can't contact uh people that you don't know simply and this is one of the basic rules.↗
▶Ep 2 · 14:11
opinionPrivacy concerns about contact tracing apps are much greater than healthcare professionals initially expected.↗
▶Ep 2 · 14:19
quoteWe thought that actually uh we simply ask for information and people are, are fine. This is not the case.↗
▶Ep 2 · 15:10
clinicalBambino Gesù screens every patient and caregiver with questions, and performs lab diagnostic tests if there is any suspicion of COVID-19.↗
▶Ep 2 · 15:55
epidemiologicalNorthern Italian hospitals were unfortunate because they did not realize the new infection was coming and failed to limit contacts or screen patients.↗
▶Ep 2 · 16:20
epidemiologicalRome was more fortunate because virus circulation happened later, allowing time to set up screening systems.↗
▶Ep 2 · 16:35
epidemiologicalNew COVID-19 clusters in Rome came especially from people arriving from abroad, including from Bangladesh.↗
▶Ep 2 · 17:02
clinicalSpeed is critical in outbreak response - once a single case is discovered, you must be as fast as possible in finding other cases.↗
▶Ep 2 · 17:18
quoteOnce you, uh, discover a single case, you must be as fast as possible in trying to find out the others.↗
▶Ep 2 · 17:42
epidemiologicalChildren do not appear to play a major role in driving COVID-19 infection transmission.↗
▶Ep 2 · 17:47
quoteI don't think that children play a major role in uh uh driving the infection.↗
▶Ep 2 · 17:52
opinionThere is insufficient epidemiological information about COVID-19 in children, and a dedicated epidemiologic study is needed.↗
▶Ep 2 · 17:52
quoteWe don't have uh that many information about the epidemiology in children↗
▶Ep 2 · 18:15
epidemiologicalSchool closure may not have a major impact on COVID-19 circulation, which would be extremely important for allowing children to participate in community activities.↗
▶Ep 2 · 18:15
quoteWe learned that possibly school closure may not have uh a, a major impact on circulation of Uh, of the infection.↗
▶Ep 2 · 18:35
quoteWe have a, a certain level of uncertainty which is uh very usual when we have new infections and New situations like this.↗
▶Ep 2 · 18:48
opinionIn 2-3 months, we will discover new therapies and be even more ready to handle COVID-19 than we are now, progressing until a vaccine is available.↗
▶Ep 2 · 19:01
quoteWe're progressing, uh, in, in, in our knowledge and, uh, uh, we're getting better, I think, until we will have a vaccine.↗
▶Ep 2 · 20:26
opinionSkepticism exists in hospitals about the possibility that disciplines different from medicine can help improve children's and patients' health.↗
▶Ep 2 · 20:26
quoteOne of the things that uh most of the times uh I encountered was a um uh well, uh, you know, some skepticism about the possibility that uh disciplines, uh, different from medicine can help improving the health of children and of patients.↗
▶Ep 2 · 21:00
quoteWe're not educated to learn from other things.↗
▶Ep 2 · 21:07
quoteWhen you, uh, think uh being a doctor, uh, this means simply, uh, having a, uh, an educational path which is only, only medicine, nothing else.↗
▶Ep 2 · 21:07
opinionMedical education traditionally consists only of medicine with no exposure to other disciplines, and because it is heavy and long, doctors feel it should be the highest profile possible.↗
▶Ep 2 · 21:25
quoteSince, since it is a very heavy, you know, and, and long, everybody feels like uh this should be the highest profile possible.↗
▶Ep 2 · 21:36
opinionExploring other disciplines provides different points of view and reveals that you can learn even more than you did in medical training alone.↗
▶Ep 2 · 21:53
opinionAfter attending an artificial intelligence in medicine conference with mostly data scientists and engineers, Tozzi realized he had to start studying things in a different way to remain at the same level.↗
▶Ep 2 · 22:20
quoteAfter 4 days of this conference, I came out and, uh, and my question was, Jesus, I have to start back again. I have to study, uh, things in a different way.↗
▶Ep 2 · 22:34
quoteThis kind of thing is very difficult to accept. Uh, by people, uh, that, for example, uh, have a long career.↗
▶Ep 2 · 22:45
opinionPeople with long, consolidated careers are reluctant to go back and learn something new again.↗
▶Ep 2 · 23:00
quoteThey don't want to go back and learn something again.↗
▶Ep 2 · 23:04
opinionThe healthcare system lacks room for innovation and does not provide adequate investments, with confusion between innovation and research.↗
▶Ep 2 · 23:04
quoteCulture is a problem, uh, but at the same time, It's also a problem of the system because we don't have uh room for innovation in the system.↗
▶Ep 2 · 23:23
quoteEverybody's crazy for research, but nobody cares about innovation.↗
▶Ep 2 · 23:23
opinionEveryone is enthusiastic about research, but nobody cares about innovation, despite a strong link between the two.↗
▶Ep 2 · 24:03
opinionThe system outside hospitals does not care about innovation, forcing innovators to translate innovation activities into research to access available funding and support.↗
▶Ep 2 · 24:03
quoteThe system outside does not. Not care of innovation.↗
▶Ep 2 · 24:31
quoteMost of the times we try to translate innovation into research simply because funding and uh uh support are available for research and much less for innovation.↗
▶Ep 2 · 24:46
clinicalBambino Gesù's innovation group includes writers, data scientists, journalists, architects, nurses, and medical doctors - this diversity of profiles convinced people the group deserved attention.↗
▶Ep 2 · 25:42
quoteWhen you uh uh work in the innovation area with children, this is a very big push and uh having children as partners and working with patients is absolutely powerful and children, they have so fresh ideas and they come out with some solutions that you never think about.↗
▶Ep 2 · 25:42
opinionWorking in innovation with children provides a big advantage because children have fresh ideas and come up with solutions adults never think about.↗
▶Ep 2 · 26:40
opinionInnovation is simply trying to find a solution to a problem when that solution does not exist yet.↗
▶Ep 2 · 26:40
quoteWe're trying to find out a solution to a problem and uh this solution does not exist yet. This is innovation simply.↗
▶Ep 2 · 27:36
clinicalThe Science Shops project is a collaborative effort with hospitals in Barcelona (San Juan de Deo), Helsinki, and Toronto (Sick Children), pending European Commission funding.↗
▶Ep 2 · 28:35
clinicalThe Science Shops project focuses on rare diseases because patients have several complex problems not yet addressed, including practical daily life issues beyond therapies.↗
▶Ep 2 · 28:57
quoteSeveral of these problems are not only therapies but are, uh, practical problems of daily life.↗
▶Ep 2 · 29:13
quoteWhy don't we try to imagine an infrastructure which is open to patients for uh proposing some of the, of the problems of the issues, but at the same time also offering some expertise and involvement for addressing these issues.↗
▶Ep 2 · 29:34
clinicalScience Shops would be divided into three fields: innovation (inventing new devices), therapy (involving patients in clinical trial design), and service design (improving access to health structures and patient journey).↗
▶Ep 2 · 30:25
clinicalScience Shops would not only listen to patient-proposed issues but also select some and develop solutions within 6 to 12 months.↗
▶Ep 2 · 30:50
quoteIf this works, this might be a, uh, uh, an experiment that might translate into something real because I expect that uh each single hospital should have an an infrastructure and a service like this.↗
▶Ep 2 · 30:50
opinionIf successful, every hospital should have an infrastructure like Science Shops where patients can find someone who listens and helps make something real together with them.↗
▶Ep 2 · 31:06
quoteSomeplace uh where the patients go and find out somebody who listens to them and also help them to make something real which is together with them.↗
▶Ep 2 · 31:19
clinicalScience Shops would involve patients by providing educational activities and bringing them on board to set up new solutions, not just having researchers work on innovation separately.↗
▶Ep 2 · 31:31
quoteIt's involving them and providing them with some information with some educational activities and bring them on board.↗
▶Ep 2 · 32:27
clinicalRare disease patients face barriers to participation including disabilities that prevent leaving home, and COVID-19 adds additional connection barriers.↗
▶Ep 2 · 33:01
opinionVirtual solutions and web connections can overcome participation barriers, and COVID-19 has created one of the biggest digital experiments in the world.↗
▶Ep 2 · 33:13
quoteWe're still in one of the biggest, uh, experiments, digital experiments. In the world because of COVID-19.↗
▶Ep 2 · 33:28
quotePatient associations, especially in the domain of rare diseases, they're extremely active and they have a, a strong background in uh active participation in research and innovation↗
▶Ep 2 · 33:28
epidemiologicalRare disease patient associations are extremely active with strong backgrounds in participating in research and innovation and connecting with hospitals.↗
▶Ep 2 · 33:48
quoteRare diseases are rare, but the Federation of Rare Diseases, uh, patient associations are so many people↗
▶Ep 2 · 33:48
epidemiologicalThe Federation of Rare Diseases patient associations represents many people, and rare diseases collectively present many issues to address beyond single vertical approaches.↗
▶Ep 2 · 34:39
opinionVirtualizing connections between associations, patients, and large hospitals will help bring innovations and approaches to local, smaller hospital settings.↗
▶Ep 2 · 34:59
clinicalThe Science Shops application was submitted under citizen science, which is unusual for medical science but appropriate because participation is the key word.↗
▶Ep 2 · 35:15
quoteWe always, always don't recognize the power of patients and their families↗
▶Ep 2 · 35:15
opinionHealthcare professionals consistently fail to recognize the power of patients and their families to make a difference.↗
▶Ep 2 · 35:34
quoteYou're one of the big demonstration that uh families can do, can make the difference.↗
▶Ep 2 · 38:53
quoteWhen you uh uh get in touch with people involved in, uh, uh, space science, you understand that you can learn a lot of things that you never imagined.↗
▶Ep 2 · 39:07
quoteSeveral innovations came simply because uh they were in a lab of uh science space. They, they had nothing to do with medicine. They were just experiments that uh came into uh use just because uh by coincidence I would say.↗
▶Ep 2 · 39:27
clinicalSpaceX took less than one day to bring two people to a space station, making it similar to an air flight.↗
▶Ep 2 · 39:43
quoteWe saw that for example SpaceX took less than 1 day to bring 2 persons to a space station. Like it, it was an air flight.↗
▶Ep 2 · 39:59
opinionIn 20 or 30 years, families may be living in space, and children will be subjects with significant health problems.↗
▶Ep 2 · 39:59
quoteWhat happens if in 20 or 30 years we'll be living with families in space? That, that's my point.↗
▶Ep 2 · 40:08
quoteChildren uh might be uh one of the subjects with a lot of problems. When traveling to space because they're very young, they would be exposed to radiations and to physical, uh, forces that might be, uh, a problem for their health.↗
▶Ep 2 · 40:19
clinicalChildren traveling to space would be exposed to radiation and physical forces that might be problematic for their health because they are very young.↗
▶Ep 2 · 40:31
quoteBefore saying that they should not travel to space, uh, maybe we should sit down and start thinking if there's any chance that we can study. The possibility that they can do that in the future and which kind of effect we should expect from traveling in space.↗
▶Ep 2 · 40:31
opinionRather than declaring children should not travel to space, we should study whether they can do so in the future and what effects to expect.↗
▶Ep 2 · 40:53
clinicalIt is completely unethical to make experiments on children in space; current knowledge comes only from animal models.↗
▶Ep 2 · 40:53
quoteIt's completely unethical to uh make experiments on children and what, what we have been dealing with so far is just animal models↗
▶Ep 2 · 41:07
clinicalLaboratory experiments growing cells can be useful to understand what a child might suffer from space travel.↗
▶Ep 2 · 41:23
clinicalArtificial intelligence could be used to virtualize a model resembling a child to understand what happens if they travel to space.↗
▶Ep 2 · 41:28
quoteOne of the big things might be virtualizing a model that might resemble a child. And understand what happens uh if he would travel to space.↗
▶Ep 2 · 42:02
opinionSeveral technologies have had problems with ethics because ethical considerations were not addressed at the beginning.↗
▶Ep 2 · 42:02
quoteWe learned that several technologies. Uh, may, uh, may have problems with ethics simply because we don't think of ethics, uh, at the very beginning.↗
▶Ep 2 · 42:14
quoteWe have this big opportunity to start thinking of, uh, this progress which is traveling to space, thinking at the same time about technologies and ethics.↗
▶Ep 2 · 42:14
opinionSpace travel presents an opportunity to think about technology and ethics simultaneously from the beginning, which is crucial and important.↗
▶Ep 2 · 42:35
opinionPediatricians should be involved in studying space travel effects on children because they take care of children's health and can address many issues, working alongside other disciplines.↗
▶Ep 2 · 43:09
opinionThis is the right time to put together ethics and technology for pediatric space medicine before it is too late and progress is conducted in the wrong way.↗
▶Ep 2 · 43:18
quoteThis is the right time to put together ethics and technology, I think.↗
▶Ep 2 · 44:30
quoteOne thing that I would change is letting them participate more actively. To the healthcare process because we're still very paternalistic.↗
▶Ep 2 · 44:30
opinionHealthcare remains very paternalistic; asking 'what do you think about that?' is different from directly involving families, caregivers, and children.↗
▶Ep 2 · 44:43
quoteWhat, what we do all the time is just asking, what do you think about that? This is different from involving directly families, caregivers, and children↗
▶Ep 2 · 44:48
opinionChildren, families, and caregivers can give significant support because they know their disease and have fresh minds.↗
▶Ep 2 · 44:48
quoteI expect that they can give a lot of support simply because they know their disease and they have a very fresh mind.↗
Usare l’AI per superare le disuguaglianze di salute nel bambino: Alberto Tozzi
▶Ep 4 · 0:25
epidemiologicalHealthcare resources are not distributed equitably worldwide, affecting pediatrics and other fields.↗
▶Ep 4 · 0:50
epidemiologicalAccess to health varies by geography and sometimes by postal code within the same city.↗
▶Ep 4 · 0:50
quoteNessuno ha sempre lo stesso diritto di accedere alla salute secondo la geografia, secondo il CAP qualche volta all'interno della stessa città.↗
▶Ep 4 · 1:15
clinicalFocal cortical dysplasia is a rare disease that causes epilepsy; children with this condition remain with seizures insensitive to treatment until someone recognizes the condition, which can be resolved completely with surgery.↗
▶Ep 4 · 1:47
opinionAlgorithms can be trained to improve access to diagnosis and care.↗
▶Ep 4 · 2:31
quoteSe io mi trovo in un posto remoto, faccio molto prima a trasmettere un algoritmo diagnostico che a mandare uno specialista.↗
▶Ep 4 · 2:31
opinionIt is faster to transmit a diagnostic algorithm to a remote location than to send a specialist.↗
▶Ep 4 · 2:44
clinicalTraining fair algorithms requires data representing all populations that will use the technology.↗
▶Ep 4 · 3:05
quoteIl problema è che i dati non ce li abbiamo da tutte le parti.↗
▶Ep 4 · 3:08
clinicalMore training data improves algorithm performance.↗
▶Ep 4 · 3:29
opinionAccessing patient health data in hospitals and public structures is very difficult, especially in Europe.↗
▶Ep 4 · 3:47
opinionGDPR regulation, while protecting patient privacy, is slowing potential direct benefits to patients.↗
▶Ep 4 · 3:56
quoteQuello che sta succedendo è che questa regolamentazione in qualche modo sta rallentando invece quello che potrebbe essere un beneficio diretto per il paziente.↗
▶Ep 4 · 4:09
clinicalSmartphones use local AI models for voice recognition without a central global database of all users' voices.↗
▶Ep 4 · 4:42
clinicalIn federated learning, local model parameters are shared centrally with significant data savings and without transmitting personal data, thus preserving privacy.↗
▶Ep 4 · 5:20
opinionFederated learning architecture is highly feasible, especially using simple intermediaries like smartphones attached to MRI machines as network nodes.↗
▶Ep 4 · 5:34
quoteVoi potete attaccare un telefonino a una risonanza magnetica e avere il nodo di una rete.↗
▶Ep 4 · 5:49
opinionOne difficulty in advancing randomized clinical trials is identifying and recruiting eligible candidates.↗
▶Ep 4 · 6:10
clinicalAI agents can be taught eligibility criteria for a protocol and placed in a hospital's electronic health record to screen 24/7 for potential study candidates.↗
▶Ep 4 · 6:46
opinionFederating AI screening agents across institutions can make clinical trials significantly more efficient by accelerating patient identification and recruitment.↗
▶Ep 4 · 7:06
opinionPatients often search online for help identifying the best therapy for a tumor, rare disease in their child, or personal problem, and this can be addressed with the same AI agent solution.↗
▶Ep 4 · 7:38
clinicalAnthony Chang is a cardiologist in California who received a consultation request from a Southeast Asian country where an echocardiographer could not diagnose a patient and could not transmit the echocardiography video due to technical issues.↗
▶Ep 4 · 8:27
clinicalThe child in the Southeast Asian case died; at the operating table the child had characteristics of a complex cardiac condition that could have been diagnosed with an AI algorithm.↗
▶Ep 4 · 8:54
clinicalAfter this case, Anthony Chang enrolled in a Stanford AI course and worked with Stanford engineer Tim Chu to build models supporting equitable care.↗
▶Ep 4 · 9:14
opinionThe Pediatric Moonshot project aims to support reduction of care inequalities because all children and adults have a right to health, and technology can help achieve this.↗
Summaries Alberto gave as host
· 1 summary
Recaps of other experts' statements, not Alberto's own clinical position.
Summaries Alberto gave as host · COVID-191 summary
