Validated simulation models in pediatric surgery: A review

Until present, training for specific pediatric surgery procedures remains challenging. This is firstly due to the high technical complexity of procedures with a small working space [1] and secondly to limited case exposure as a result of the rarity of some of the pediatric surgical conditions [2]. The latter leads to little exposure in clinical setting, which is exaggerated by the increasing emphasis on efficiency and maximizing productivity in the operating theater [3]. During training, operative time is increased, especially in the early stages of a trainee's learning curve [4].