The history of surgery in disorders of sexual development
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Read the article on jpedsurg.org ↗Article · Dec 2020 · 1 min read
In brief
In brief
Historical review tracing surgical management of disorders of sexual development from ancient civilizations through modern reconstructive techniques. Feminizing procedures evolved from Celsus era through 19th-20th century refinements, while masculinizing surgeries developed from hypospadias repair techniques to contemporary microvascular reconstruction.
Written by the GCMD Library team from the article.
Abstract
Disorders of sexual development (DSD) have been documented throughout human history with fascination. Healers of all cultures have struggled to explain, and later correct with surgery, the physical manifestations of DSD. DSD was portrayed in the mythology, legends, and art of the ancient Greeks, Romans, Sumerians, Babylonians, and Egyptians.
Techniques of feminizing genitoplasties date to the time of Celsus in the time of Christ. Acceptable operative therapy for feminine phenotypes of DSD came in the 19th and 20th centuries. Masculinizing procedures, inherently more complex than feminizing genitoplasties, initially were variations of procedures for severe forms of hypospadias. Today most total penile reconstruction procedures use reconstructive and microvascular techniques invented in 20th century.