Pediatric Empyema in the Post-Pandemic Period: Evaluating Changing Trends in Microbiology, Investigations, Fibrinolysis, and Surgical Outcomes

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We present a retrospective analysis of our experience managing pediatric empyema, focusing on clinical, microbiological, radiological aspects, surgical and fibrinolytic outcomes over an 8-year period, encompassing the 2022–2023 United Kingdom invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) surge. This observational study aimed to test the hypothesis that the post-pandemic period has revealed a new pattern of microbes, disease patterns, and treatment effectiveness.Case notes of children (

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Article · Dec 2025 · 1 min read

In brief

This retrospective study examines shifts in pediatric empyema management over 8 years, including the 2022-2023 UK invasive group A Streptococcus surge. The analysis evaluates changes in microbial patterns, diagnostic approaches, fibrinolytic therapy, and surgical outcomes in the post-pandemic era.

Post-pandemic UK saw surge in invasive group A Streptococcus empyema cases during 2022-2023
8-year retrospective reveals shifting microbial patterns in pediatric empyema requiring updated treatment protocols
Study compares fibrinolytic therapy vs surgical outcomes across pre- and post-pandemic cohorts
Changing disease patterns suggest need to reassess empiric antibiotic coverage for pediatric empyema

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