Gastroschisis prevalence substantially decreased from 2009 through 2018 after a 3-fold increase from 1997 to 2008
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In brief
In brief
Large retrospective study of 1.4 million NICU admissions reveals gastroschisis prevalence tripled from 1997-2008 (2.9 to 6.4 per 1000), then declined 48% by 2018 (3.3 per 1000). Youngest mothers showed highest rates and steepest recent decline, suggesting changing environmental or behavioral risk factors warrant investigation.
Written by the GCMD Library team from the article.
Abstract
Background/Purpose
Gastroschisis incidence increased 300% in the United States from 1998 to 2013. We sought to assess trends in gastroschisis prevalence in the United States from 1997 to 2018 from a large NICU dataset.
Methods
We performed a retrospective review of all infants in the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse from 1997 to 2018. Prevalence was calculated as number of infants with gastroschisis (among all NICU admissions) divided by the total number of NICU infants. Trends were analyzed by year and also after stratification of the cohort by maternal age.
Results
We included 1,433,027 infants discharged over the study period. Between 1997 and 2008, the prevalence of gastroschisis increased from 2.9 to 6.4 per 1000 infants (p < 0.01) and then decreased to 3.3 per 1000 infants (p < 0.01) by 2018.
Younger mothers (<20 years old) had the highest rate of gastroschisis and the largest recent decrease in prevalence of gastroschisis (20.8/1000 infant in 2008 to 13.1/1000 infants in 2018, p < 0.01). Prevalence of gastroschisis decreased within each maternal age group.
Conclusion
The prevalence of gastroschisis increased from 1997 to 2008 then decreased from 2009 to 2018 and is now similar to that reported in 1997. Future research that identifies changes in underlying risk factors may help elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease.
Level of evidence
Level II prognosis study.