Diagnosis and treatment of the intra-abdominal gonad in the pediatric population: Testes, ovaries, dysgenetic gonads, streaks, and ovotestes
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In brief
In brief
Comprehensive review of intra-abdominal gonad management in children, covering cryptorchid testes, ovarian pathology, and gonads in disorders of sexual development. Addresses diagnostic approaches, cancer risk stratification, fertility preservation considerations, and surgical decision-making for each gonadal type.
Written by the GCMD Library team from the article.
Abstract
Background/Purpose
Pediatric surgical specialists are often confronted with the difficult task of identifying, diagnosing and managing intra-abdominal gonads in children. Ranging from the intra-abdominal cryptorchid testis to normal or pathologic ovaries and gonads in disorders of sexual development, all intra-abdominal gonads in the pediatric population pose different diagnosis and management challenges. Understanding the hormonal and fertility potential of the gonad and knowing its potential cancer risk is essential when deciding how to manage these patients. In addition, the ideal surgical management for each one of these patients is often debated.
Methods
Descriptive literature review.
Results/Conclusion
Herein, we reviewed gonadal formation, common etiologies, diagnosis and management of intra-abdominal testes, pathologic ovaries and gonads in disorders of sexual development. Fertility potential and cancer risk for each were also reviewed and how both affect surgical management of the gonad.
Type of Study/Level of Evidence
Review Article, Level V.