Complications after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in pediatric patients: A systematic review
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In brief
In brief
Systematic review of 763 pediatric patients undergoing IPAA reveals that UC patients experience higher pouch loss rates (10.6%) compared to FAP patients (1.5%), with pouchitis being the most common complication (36.4%). Major complications like anastomotic leak and abscess remain rare, but disease-specific factors significantly impact outcomes.
Written by the GCMD Library team from the article.
Background/purpose
Colectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard of care for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The rates of postoperative complications are not well established in children. The objective of this systematic review is to establish benchmark data for morbidity after pediatric IPAA.
Methods
PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies of colectomy with IPAA in patients ≤21 years old. UC studies were limited to the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents era (1998–present). All postoperative complications were extracted.
Results
Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria (763 patients). Compared to patients with FAP, UC patients had a higher prevalence of pouch loss (10.6% vs. 1.5%). Other major complications such as anastomotic leak, abscess, and fistula were uncommon (mean prevalence 4.9%, 4.2%, and 5.0%, respectively, for patients with UC; 8.7%, 4.2%, and 4.3% for FAP). The most frequent complication was pouchitis (36.4% of UC patients).
Conclusions
Devastating complications from colectomy and IPAA are rare, but patients with UC have poorer outcomes than those with FAP. Much of the morbidity may therefore stem from patient or disease factors. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to identify modifiable risks in patients with UC undergoing IPAA.
Level of evidence
Prognostic, level II.