Characterization of the congenital diaphragmatic hernia model in C57BL/6J fetal mice: a step toward lineage tracing experiments
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In brief
In brief
This study establishes a reproducible CDH model in C57BL/6J mice using nitrofen+bisdiamine, achieving 36% CDH incidence with characteristic lung hypoplasia, impaired growth, and reduced vascularization. The model successfully replicates key CDH pathophysiology, enabling future lineage tracing studies to investigate cellular fate during diaphragmatic and pulmonary development.
Written by the GCMD Library team from the article.
Abstract
Purpose
Lineage tracing is key to study the fate of individual cells and their progeny especially in developmental biology. To conduct these studies, we aimed to establish a reproducible model of CDH in the most commonly used genetic background strain that is C57BL/6J mice.
Methods
CDH was induced in C57BL/6J dams by maternal administration of nitrofen + bisdiamine at E8.5. Fetuses from olive oil-gavaged mothers served as controls. Lungs from CDH and control fetuses were compared for (1) growth via radial airspace count (RAC), mean linear intercept (MLI) and gene expression for Fgf10, Nrp1, and Ctnnb1; (2) maturation (Pdpn, Spc, Ager, Abca3, Eln, Acta2, Pdgfra) via gene and protein expression; (3) vascularization via gene and protein expression (CD31, Vegfa, Vegfr1/2, Epas1, Enos). Statistics: unpaired t-test or Mann–Whitney test.
Results
Nitrofen + bisdiamine administration resulted in 36% left-sided CDH (31% mortality). CDH fetuses had hypoplastic lungs and impaired growth (lower RAC, higher MLI, lower Fgf10, Nrp1, Ctnnb1), maturation (decreased Pdpn, Ager, Eln gene expression), and vascularization (decreased Cd31, Vegfr1/2; Epas1 and Enos). Lower protein expression was confirmed for PDPN, ELN and CD31.
Conclusion
Modeling CDH in C57BL/6J mouse fetuses is effective in reproducing the classical CDH hallmarks. This model will be critical for lineage tracing experiments.