Bio-engineering of fetal cartilage for in utero spina bifida repair
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Read the article on link.springer.com ↗Article · Oct 2019 · 1 min read
In brief
In brief
Study explores bioengineered cartilage-skin constructs for enhanced spinal cord protection during in utero spina bifida repair. Fetal ovine chondrocytes in collagen I scaffolds successfully produced cartilage-like tissue in vitro, though construct shrinkage remains a challenge requiring alternative biomaterials.
Written by the GCMD Library team from the article.
Abstract
Purpose
During in utero surgical spina bifida repair, a multi-layer closure is used to cover the defect. These soft tissues, however, might be not sufficient to protect the spinal cord during the future life. Our goal is to develop a more rigid protective tissue construct consisting of bioengineered cartilage and skin.
Methods
Ovine fetal chondrocytes were tested for their in vitro chondrogenic potential in three-dimensional cultures. Scaffolds based on natural biopolymers (collagen I, fibrin glue) were loaded with varying amounts of fetal chondrocytes and assessed for their ability to support cartilage formation in vitro. The bioengineered constructs were analyzed using cartilage-specific histology stainings and compared to native fetal cartilage.
Results
Fetal chondrocytes actively produced cartilage extracellular matrix in three-dimensional cultures, even at high passages. Among all bioengineered scaffolds, only the collagen I-based hydrogels loaded with high densities of fetal chondrocytes showed cartilage-like structure in vitro but also extensive shrinking.
Conclusion
Fetal chondrocytes represent a good cell source for cartilage bioengineering. Collagen I scaffolds support cartilage formation in vitro, but the construct shrinking constitutes a major limitation. Future steps include the identification of suitable bioprintable materials which maintain their shape and size, as well as the analysis of the interphase between bioengineered cartilage and skin.