Anorectal anomalies in the female: Highlights on surgical management
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In brief
In brief
Retrospective study of 121 girls with anorectal anomalies managed with delayed primary sagittal anorectoplasty, avoiding neonatal colostomy in most cases. Results showed 91% achieved voluntary bowel control with low complication rates, supporting delayed repair as a safe alternative to traditional staged approaches for rectoperineal and rectovestibular fistulas.
Written by the GCMD Library team from the article.
Abstract
Background
Anorectal anomalies (ARA) are characterized by different clinical presentations in both sexes with consequently different management protocols. There exist several controversies and different strategies to manage ARA in the female.
Purpose
To present our experience in managing girls with ARA highlighting the rationale behind the chosen protocol.
Patients and methods
The study included 121 girls with ARA who underwent sagittal anorectoplasty during the period 2009 through 2019. Their age ranged from 3 to 57 months (median = 7 months). There were 68 cases with rectoperineal fistula, 51 with rectovestibular fistula, 1 case with rectovaginal fistula and another case without fistula. Preoperative colostomy was performed in only 5 cases (3 rectovestibular; 1 rectovaginal; 1 without fistula). The rest of cases underwent delayed primary sagittal anorectoplasty (beyond the neonatal period).
Results
Postoperative wound complications were detected in 14 cases (11.7%). In general, wound complications were more common among the rectoperineal group. Delayed healing problems in the form of mucosal prolapse/ectropion were detected in 10 cases. Thirty-four cases were available for delayed functional assessment. Voluntary bowel control was present in 91% of cases. Constipation was detected in 7 cases (20%) at follow up. Fecal soiling was present in 6 cases (17.6%); 3 of them were associated with constipation.
Conclusion
Delayed primary repair of rectoperineal and rectovestibular fistula is feasible with low complications. By adopting this protocol of management, we could achieve comparable results while avoiding unnecessary operations during the neonatal period.
Level of Evidence
This is a case series (Level IV Evidence).