Ultrasound-Guided versus Conventional Caudal Block in Children: A Prospective Randomized Study

Prospective randomized trial comparing ultrasound-guided versus conventional caudal block in 266 children undergoing urologic surgery. Ultrasound guidance achieved higher first-puncture success (90% vs 66%) and eliminated complications like vascular puncture and bone contact, particularly in children under 16kg and younger than 6 years.