Innervation pattern of the unclosed detrusor muscle in classic bladder exstrophy: a study of patients with urothelial overexpression of nerve growth factor

This prospective study examines whether urothelial NGF overexpression drives detrusor hyperinnervation in unclosed exstrophic bladders. Immunohistochemical analysis of 34 infant biopsies revealed no significant difference in nerve fiber density compared to VUR controls, with a trend toward lower innervation in exstrophy patients.