Exosomes obtained from adipose mesenchymal stem cells prevent ischemia–reperfusion injury after torsion–detorsion in rat testes

This rat study demonstrates that exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly reduce testicular damage following torsion-detorsion injury by suppressing apoptosis. Treatment restored normal seminiferous tubule structure and reduced apoptotic cells from 60% to 18%, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for testicular torsion.