The management of thoracobiliary fistulas in children: a systematic review

This systematic review of 48 pediatric thoracobiliary fistula cases reveals that surgical management (primarily fistulectomy) is required in 96% of patients, with 35% morbidity and 6% mortality. The condition typically presents with bilioptysis and dyspnea, most commonly involving the left hepatic duct, and represents a rare but serious congenital malformation requiring specialized surgical expertise.