Endoscopic injection of bulking agents in pediatric vesicoureteral reflux: a narrative review of the literature

This narrative review examines endoscopic injection as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for pediatric vesicoureteral reflux, achieving 69-100% resolution rates. The authors compare bulking agents (Deflux vs Vantris) and injection techniques (STING vs HIT), noting that material and technique selection remains surgeon-dependent despite expanding indications to high-grade reflux and complex anatomy.