Anorectal malformation, urethral duplication, occult spinal dysraphism (ARM-UD-OSD): a challenging uncommon association

Retrospective case series of five boys presenting the rare ARM-UD-OSD triad, emphasizing the importance of screening for urethral duplication and occult spinal dysraphism in anorectal malformation patients. All achieved fecal continence, though three require clean intermittent catheterization for neurogenic bladder at mean 9.5-year follow-up.