Congenital oesophageal stenosis in oesophageal atresia: underrecognised and often missed?

Congenital oesophageal stenosis occurs in up to 14% of oesophageal atresia cases but is frequently missed, with 47% diagnosed late (median 13.5 months). Routine postoperative contrast studies detect COS with 87% sensitivity, supporting their use after OA repair to prevent delayed diagnosis and associated dysphagia complications.