Typhoid perforation in children below 5 years: a 10-year review of cases managed and outcome

Ten-year retrospective study of 45 children aged ≤5 years with typhoid perforation in Nigeria reveals 26.7% mortality, with multiple perforations, severe peritonitis, and delayed surgery (>2 hours) as key risk factors for poor outcomes. All patients presented with fever and abdominal distension, with 91% having ileal perforations requiring emergency surgical intervention.