Primary repair of esophageal atresia is followed by multiple diagnostic and surgical procedures.

This retrospective study of 102 children with type C esophageal atresia found patients underwent a median of 4 procedures under general anesthesia over 12 years, with most occurring in the first year of life. Esophageal dilatations were most common, followed by endoscopy and urologic procedures, particularly in patients with VACTERL association and other comorbidities.