Surgery in Chinese children affected by 45,X/46,XY disorders of sex development: A 20-year experience in a single center

Retrospective study of 22 children with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism examining surgical management strategies over 20 years. High incidence of gonadal germ cell tumors (50-55%) supported early gonadectomy, while genitalia reconstruction outcomes were mixed with 50% hypospadias complication rate requiring reoperation.