Urine-Derived Extracellular Vesicle miRNAs as Possible Biomarkers for and Mediators of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Proof of Concept Study

This proof-of-concept study identifies urine-derived extracellular vesicle microRNAs as potential biomarkers to differentiate necrotizing enterocolitis from non-NEC sepsis in neonates. Non-invasive urine sampling revealed specific miRNAs (miR-376a, miR-518a-3p, miR-604) significantly altered in NEC patients, offering a pathway toward earlier, more targeted treatment decisions in critically ill infants.